今年(nian)山西省首次把發展(zhan)(zhan)富(fu)碳(tan)農(nong)業(ye)列為創新驅動、低碳(tan)發展(zhan)(zhan)的一個新興(xing)產(chan)業(ye)領域，將從投入、科研以及產(chan)業(ye)化等各個環節加(jia)大扶(fu)持力度

工業廢氣成資源

山西是高碳能源產業結構，也是全國碳排放量最高的省份。節能降低碳排放、固碳并轉化利用是實現經濟轉型的重要措施。我省今年提出發展富碳農業，就是要將工業上過剩的二氧化碳用(yong)于農(nong)(nong)業生(sheng)產。9月下(xia)旬，太谷蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)種植(zhi)基地，連片的(de)(de)大(da)(da)棚里(li)掛(gua)著一(yi)袋袋二氧化(hua)(hua)碳發生(sheng)劑。農(nong)(nong)戶趙(zhao)錫華一(yi)邊(bian)清理(li)著番(fan)茄(qie)(qie)老葉，一(yi)邊(bian)告訴記者(zhe)，這就是“二氧化(hua)(hua)碳氣肥(fei)”，在(zai)太陽光的(de)(de)作用(yong)下(xia)，促進大(da)(da)棚內蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)的(de)(de)光合作用(yong)和(he)(he)生(sheng)長發育，提高蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)的(de)(de)品質(zhi)和(he)(he)產量(liang)。趙(zhao)師(shi)傅今年(nian)共(gong)種植(zhi)了5個大(da)(da)棚，4.5畝大(da)(da)棚番(fan)茄(qie)(qie)，和(he)(he)往(wang)年(nian)一(yi)樣在(zai)種植(zhi)番(fan)茄(qie)(qie)時(shi)施用(yong)了微肥(fei)外，今年(nian)他還(huan)在(zai)農(nong)(nong)技(ji)專家的(de)(de)指導下(xia)，每個大(da)(da)棚里(li)吊掛(gua)了16袋二氧化(hua)(hua)碳發生(sheng)劑。施用(yong)后效果特(te)(te)別明(ming)顯，番(fan)茄(qie)(qie)的(de)(de)葉片濃綠，生(sheng)長健壯，番(fan)茄(qie)(qie)果形(xing)均勻，色澤鮮艷，坐果率提高了，畸(ji)形(xing)果明(ming)顯減少，產量(liang)增加明(ming)顯。趙(zhao)師(shi)傅說：“我種了20多(duo)年(nian)蔬(shu)(shu)(shu)菜(cai)，今年(nian)感覺特(te)(te)別好。”

設(she)施(shi)(shi)農業(ye)是(shi)我省主導產(chan)業(ye)，許多農戶(hu)意識(shi)到發展(zhan)大(da)(da)棚的(de)(de)重要性，由于溫(wen)室大(da)(da)棚長期處(chu)在(zai)封閉(bi)或半封閉(bi)狀態，多數(shu)時間缺(que)乏二(er)(er)(er)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)碳(tan)(tan)，會嚴重影響作物的(de)(de)單產(chan)水平(ping)提高。利用(yong)(yong)碳(tan)(tan)酸氫銨與濃硫(liu)酸反應對大(da)(da)棚蔬(shu)菜(cai)進行二(er)(er)(er)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)碳(tan)(tan)施(shi)(shi)肥，是(shi)目(mu)前(qian)的(de)(de)常用(yong)(yong)辦法，不(bu)是(shi)每(mei)位農戶(hu)都能熟練(lian)掌握(wo)，操作不(bu)當傷害頻(pin)發。“如(ru)果將工(gong)業(ye)產(chan)生的(de)(de)二(er)(er)(er)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)碳(tan)(tan)補充到設(she)施(shi)(shi)中，不(bu)僅減少農民傷害，蔬(shu)菜(cai)產(chan)量提高不(bu)說，還(huan)(huan)能幫(bang)工(gong)業(ye)生產(chan)節能減排(pai)。”山(shan)西農業(ye)大(da)(da)學(xue)園藝(yi)學(xue)院教授溫(wen)祥珍說。僅設(she)施(shi)(shi)農業(ye)一項，消耗二(er)(er)(er)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)碳(tan)(tan)就十(shi)分可(ke)(ke)觀。當下，我省有180萬畝(mu)溫(wen)室大(da)(da)棚，按照目(mu)前(qian)世界上比較先進的(de)(de)溫(wen)室施(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)碳(tan)(tan)標(biao)準，1年就可(ke)(ke)固定二(er)(er)(er)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)碳(tan)(tan)4000萬噸(dun)。如(ru)果全省設(she)施(shi)(shi)蔬(shu)菜(cai)在(zai)目(mu)前(qian)基礎上增施(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)碳(tan)(tan)2—3倍，將吸收(shou)(shou)二(er)(er)(er)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)碳(tan)(tan)1000—1500萬噸(dun)；把(ba)靠焚燒處(chu)理(li)的(de)(de)400萬噸(dun)的(de)(de)秸稈用(yong)(yong)于食(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)菌(jun)生產(chan)，不(bu)光能年產(chan)200萬噸(dun)食(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)菌(jun)，還(huan)(huan)減排(pai)二(er)(er)(er)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)碳(tan)(tan)670萬噸(dun)。作為一種(zhong)廉(lian)價的(de)(de)原料，二(er)(er)(er)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)碳(tan)(tan)可(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)于蔬(shu)菜(cai)、瓜果、糧食(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)貯藏，用(yong)(yong)固態二(er)(er)(er)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)碳(tan)(tan)施(shi)(shi)行人(ren)工(gong)降雨，能有效(xiao)解決久旱(han)無雨，莊(zhuang)稼失收(shou)(shou)的(de)(de)問題。

富碳(tan)農(nong)業(ye)帶來的增(zeng)產(chan)能(neng)使整(zheng)個種植(zhi)業(ye)獲益。種植(zhi)業(ye)的興盛進(jin)而能(neng)保證飼料的充(chong)足供應，使得畜牧業(ye)的產(chan)量可以得到(dao)(dao)有效提升(sheng)，其他農(nong)副(fu)產(chan)品的生產(chan)也會受(shou)到(dao)(dao)進(jin)一步(bu)推(tui)動(dong)，而不能(neng)作為(wei)食物的干物質則可以作為(wei)清潔燃料，產(chan)業(ye)結構(gou)兩端數字的一增(zeng)一減(jian)間實現(xian)了低碳(tan)發展(zhan)的大軌跡，我(wo)省現(xian)代農(nong)業(ye)還有望形成 “植(zhi)物—動(dong)物—菌物”三足鼎立的 “三維農(nong)業(ye)”格局。

“6＋1”架構(gou)*瓶頸

溫(wen)祥珍常年(nian)奔走在(zai)田間，他發(fa)現，近(jin)年(nian)來，我省溫(wen)室(shi)大(da)(da)棚發(fa)展迅猛，在(zai)這(zhe)些溫(wen)室(shi)中，并不乏見實施二(er)氧化(hua)碳氣肥并取得豐產的實例。然而(er)，許多溫(wen)室(shi)都會遇到(dao)由于控溫(wen)要求而(er)消耗大(da)(da)量能量，難長(chang)期保留高濃度的二(er)氧化(hua)碳氣氛，所產生(sheng)的高成本已經(jing)成為進一(yi)步(bu)發(fa)展的障(zhang)礙(ai)。

如(ru)何有效(xiao)(xiao)實(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，保證有穩定可靠的(de)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)源和(he)降低使(shi)用成(cheng)本，省內一(yi)些農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)專家也開始(shi)在實(shi)(shi)踐中進(jin)行艱難的(de)探索。山西(xi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)大(da)學率先進(jin)入(ru)國(guo)家微藻固(gu)(gu)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)土(tu)(tu)壤碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)匯(hui)工(gong)程研(yan)究，針對(dui)(dui)二(er)氧(yang)化碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)高(gao)效(xiao)(xiao)“氣體肥(fei)料”開發、富(fu)(fu)(fu)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)條(tiao)件下設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)消(xiao)減(jian)二(er)氧(yang)化碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)、光伏食用菌生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)等(deng)(deng)(deng)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)難題展(zhan)開積(ji)極攻關。省科(ke)技(ji)(ji)廳農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)處處長韓(han)忻彥告訴記者，我省圍繞富(fu)(fu)(fu)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)方向(xiang)，針對(dui)(dui)我省富(fu)(fu)(fu)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)存(cun)在的(de)關鍵(jian)性技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)需(xu)求，設(she)(she)計了(le)富(fu)(fu)(fu)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)、技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)需(xu)求及(ji)市(shi)場需(xu)求，技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)攻關路徑創新(xin)(xin)鏈(lian)(lian)，制訂出富(fu)(fu)(fu)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)創新(xin)(xin)鏈(lian)(lian)，部署設(she)(she)計了(le)“6＋1”的(de)架(jia)構。具體講(jiang)，“6”是指設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)蔬(shu)菜富(fu)(fu)(fu)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)、微藻燃油高(gao)效(xiao)(xiao)固(gu)(gu)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)、土(tu)(tu)壤高(gao)效(xiao)(xiao)固(gu)(gu)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)、困難立地(di)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)富(fu)(fu)(fu)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)和(he)林(lin)果草(cao)高(gao)效(xiao)(xiao)固(gu)(gu)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)等(deng)(deng)(deng)6個產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)創新(xin)(xin)鏈(lian)(lian)；“1”是指一(yi)個監測評估服務系(xi)統(tong)(tong)，最終形(xing)成(cheng)“一(yi)院(yuan)二(er)工(gong)廠N基(ji)地(di)”格局：即(ji)建立山西(xi)省富(fu)(fu)(fu)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)研(yan)究院(yuan)，建設(she)(she)兩座(zuo)現代化的(de)富(fu)(fu)(fu)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)實(shi)(shi)驗示范(fan)工(gong)廠，在全(quan)省不同(tong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態區建立N個富(fu)(fu)(fu)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)試驗示范(fan)基(ji)地(di)。研(yan)究院(yuan)負責研(yan)發一(yi)批(pi)(pi)關鍵(jian)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)和(he)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)，孵(fu)化、培育一(yi)批(pi)(pi)科(ke)技(ji)(ji)型(xing)龍(long)頭企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。富(fu)(fu)(fu)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)廠運用太陽能、風能、氣肥(fei)、溫控、新(xin)(xin)種子(zi)、無菌車間等(deng)(deng)(deng)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)條(tiao)件，構建完整的(de)富(fu)(fu)(fu)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)循環產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)，獲得品(pin)種多(duo)樣的(de)富(fu)(fu)(fu)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)果實(shi)(shi)、花卉和(he)種子(zi)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。全(quan)省不同(tong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態區建立N個富(fu)(fu)(fu)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)試驗示范(fan)基(ji)地(di)，進(jin)行不同(tong)類型(xing)富(fu)(fu)(fu)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)試驗示范(fan)，包括(kuo)工(gong)礦廢棄地(di)、鹽堿沙荒地(di)、溝坡坎地(di)等(deng)(deng)(deng)困難立地(di)及(ji)農(nong)(nong)(nong)林(lin)草(cao)復合生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態系(xi)統(tong)(tong)。